A high performance aircraft that can takeoff and land on snow, water, and hard surface. Unique designs of Multipurpose Landing Gear, Telescopic Wing, and. Challenger advanced ultralight aircraft. Challenger light sport aircraft. Over 500 in Canada. 4,000 worldwide. Wheels, skis, floats, amphibs, soaring. Quick-build. Elytron 2S is an aircraft that can take off and land like a helicopter but fly with fixed wings at speeds unattainable by helicopters. A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can hover, take off, and land vertically. This classification can include a variety of types of aircraft.
VTOL - Wikipedia. For the helicopter airline based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, see Helijet.
For rocket vertical takeoff and landing, see VTVL. This classification can include a variety of types of aircraft including fixed- wing aircraft as well as helicopters and other aircraft with powered rotors, such as cyclogyros/cyclocopters and tiltrotors.
Others, such as some helicopters, can only operate by VTOL, due to the aircraft lacking landing gear that can handle horizontal motion. VTOL is a subset of V/STOL (vertical and/or short take- off and landing). Besides the ubiquitous helicopter, there are currently two types of VTOL aircraft in military service: craft using a tiltrotor, such as the Bell Boeing V- 2. Osprey, and another using directed jet thrust, such as the Harrier family and new F- 3. B Lightning II Joint strike Fighter (JSF).
In the civilian sector currently only helicopters are in general use (some other types of commercial VTOL aircraft have been proposed and are under development as of 2. Generally speaking, VTOL aircraft capable of STOVL use it wherever possible, since it typically significantly increases takeoff weight, range or payload compared to pure VTOL. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed- wing aircraft would usually not be able to take off or land.
The capability to efficiently hover for extended periods of time is due to the helicopter's relatively long, and hence efficient rotor blades, and allows a helicopter to accomplish tasks that fixed- wing aircraft and other forms of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft could not perform at least as well until 2. On the other hand, the long rotor blades restrict the maximum speed to about 2. Autogyro. The rotor is unpowered and rotates freely in the airflow as the craft travels forward, so the craft needs a conventional powerplant to provide thrust. An autogyro is not intrinsically capable of VTOL: for VTO the rotor must be spun up to speed by an auxiliary drive, and vertical landing requires precise control of rotor momentum and pitch.
Gyrodyne. A gyrodyne has the powered rotor of a helicopter with a separate forward thrust system of an autogyro. Apart from take- off and landing the rotor may be unpowered and autorotate. Designs may also include stub wings for added lift. Cyclogyro. In VTOL, the exhaust can be varied between vertical and horizontal thrust. Lift jets. It is used for V/STOL operation. The aircraft takes off using the fans to provide lift, then transitions to fixed- wing lift in forward flight.
Several experimental craft have been flown, but only the F- 3. Lightning II entered into production. Lift via Coand. The Avro Canada VZ- 9 Avrocar, or simply the VZ- 9, was a Canadian VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Aircraft Ltd. Due to the Coand. The craft is designed to direct the airflow downward to provide lift. History. Manned VTOL aircraft, in the form of primitive helicopters, first flew in 1. World War Two to perfect.
In 1. 94. 1 German designer Heinrich Focke's began work on the Focke- Achgelis Fa 2. Lockheed produced the XFV, and Convair producing the Convair XFY Pogo. Both experimental programs proceeded to flight status and completed test flights 1. The US built an aircraft where the jet exhaust drove the fans, while British projects not built included fans driven by mechanical drives from the jet engines. Sikorsky tested an aircraft dubbed the X- Wing, which took off in the manner of a helicopter. The rotors would become stationary in mid- flight, and function as wings, providing lift in addition to the static wings.
Boeing X- 5. 0 is a Canard Rotor/Wing prototype that utilizes a similar concept. Starting with the Fairey Gyrodyne, this type of aircraft later evolved into the much larger twin- engined Fairey Rotodyne, that used tipjets to power the rotor on take- off and landing but which then used two Napier Elandturboprops driving conventional propellers mounted on substantial wings to provide propulsion, the wings serving to unload the rotor during horizontal flight. The Rotodyne was developed to combine the efficiency of a fixed- wing aircraft at cruise with the VTOL capability of a helicopter to provide short haul airliner service from city centres to airports.
The CL- 8. 4 was a Canadian V/STOL turbine tilt- wing monoplane designed and manufactured by Canadair between 1. The Canadian government ordered three updated CL- 8. CL- 8. 4- 1. From 1. United States aboard the aircraft carriers USS Guam and USS Guadalcanal, and at various other centres. During testing, two of the CL- 8. No production contracts resulted.
It has one three- bladed proprotor, turboprop engine, and transmission nacelle mounted on each wingtip. The Osprey is a multi- mission aircraft with both a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and short takeoff and landing capability (STOL). It is designed to perform missions like a conventional helicopter with the long- range, high- speed cruise performance of a turboprop aircraft. The FAA classifies the Osprey as a model of powered lift aircraft.
The Hawker Siddeley Inter- City Vertical- Lift proposal had two rows of lifting fans on either side. However, none of these aircraft made it to production after they were dismissed as too heavy and expensive to operate. Both Convair and Lockheed competed for the contract but in 1.
VTOL ship- based convoy escort fighter. This led to the first VTOL engines as used in the first British VTOL aircraft, the Short SC.
Short Brothers and Harland, Belfast which used four vertical lift engines with a horizontal one for forward thrust. The Short SC. 1 was the first British fixed- wing VTOL aircraft. The SC. 1 was designed to study the problems with VTOL flight and the transition to and from forward flight.
The SC. 1 was designed to meet a Ministry of Supply (Mo. S) request for tender (ER. T) for a vertical take- off research aircraft issued in September 1. The design was accepted by the ministry and a contract was placed for two aircraft (XG9. XG9. 05) to meet Specification ER.
D dated 1. 5 October 1. The SC. 1 was also equipped with the first . This permitted three modes of control of the aerodynamic surfaces and/or the nozzle controls.
The Yakovlev Yak- 3. Soviet Navy VTOL aircraft intended for use aboard their light carriers, cargoships, and capital ships. It was developed from the Yakovlev Yak- 3.
Before the Soviet Union broke up, a supersonic VTOL aircraft was developed as the Yak- 3. Yak- 1. 41, which never went into production.
One used the Lockheed F- 1. Starfighter as a basis for research for a V/STOL aircraft. Although two models (X1 and X2) were built, the project was canceled due to high costs and political problems as well as changed needs in the German Air Force and NATO. The EWR VJ 1. 01. C did perform free VTOL take- offs and landings, as well as test flights beyond mach 1 in the mid- and late 6.
One of the test- aircraft is preserved in the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany. The others were the VFW- Fokker VAK 1. B light fighter and reconnaissance aircraft, and the Dornier Do 3.
E- 3 (troop) transport. The French in competition with the P. Dassault Mirage III capable of attaining Mach 1. The Dassault Mirage IIIV achieved transition from vertical to horizontal flight in March 1. Mach 1. 3 in level flight a short time later.
The Harrier is usually flown in STOVL mode, which enables it to carry a higher fuel or weapon load over a given distance. This gives aerodynamic lift as well as thrust lift and permits taking off with heavier loads and is more efficient. When landing the aircraft is much lighter due to the loss of propellant weight and a controlled vertical landing is possible. Now retired from British Royal Navy service, the Indian Navy operates Sea Harriers mainly from its aircraft carrier. INS Viraat. The latest version of the Harrier, the BAE Harrier II has also been retired in December 2. British Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. The United States Marine Corps, and the Italian and Spanish Navies use the AV- 8.
B Harrier II, an equivalent derivative of the Harrier II. The Harrier II/AV- 8 will be replaced in the air arms of the US and UK by a STOVL variant of the Lockheed Martin F- 3.
Lightning II. An important aspect of Harrier STOL operations aboard Naval carriers was the . Many of these have VTOL capability, especially the quadcopter type. Others, such as the Schiebel Camcopter S- 1.
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